Showing posts with label Kentucky. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kentucky. Show all posts

Tuesday, June 19, 2012

The Girl From Stretchneck Holler, "Inside Appalachia"


Youtube Videos:     Veterans Honored





new:  New River Gorge Bridge Day, Fayetteville, WV  Oct. 20, 2012 video below:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPe0hd1h8Ts&feature=share

The Girl From Stretchneck Holler "Inside Appalachia"    by Betty Dotson Lewis  and Kathleen Colley Slusher
Price: $5.99 USD. 72560 words. Published by Brighton Publishing LLC  on April 15, 2012. Fiction.
A heart-warming, heart-wrenching collection of short stories of moonshine, cock fights, domestic abuse, Holy Rollers, coal mine thugs and the simple yet complex lives of people up the hollers of the Appalachian Mountains. Coal mining provides a livelihood which is colored by violence, and the rape of mountains has forced an independent people into subservience.


Barnes and Noble: http://www.barnesandnoble.com
Excerpts from The Girl From Stretchneck Holler: Inside Appalachia

Coal Miner’s Son
“J. C., here’s your mason jar of milk and bread for your dinner,” my mother said. She wiped her forehead wearily. She’d been up since before daybreak building a fire in the wooden cookstove and fixing breakfast for her four boys. I was the oldest, seventeen years old, and today was my first day to work in the mines.
I noticed Dad’s hard hat and work boots by the door; he was still in the back bedroom. Mom touched my shoulder briefly as I got my stuff and stepped out on the porch to wait for him.
“Take care, son,” she said softly. She turned away quickly, but not before I caught the tear in her eye. Mom hated the mines; she’d lost her father and two brothers during a cave-in ten years ago. She’d wanted Dad to quit then. She didn’t want me to start now.
This was a temporary job for me. I wanted to go to college (the first of our family to do so), but even with the bank loan I managed to get, I needed more money for books and clothes. Dad got me hired at his job site—a deep mine five miles away. We’d walk there and back and eat our milk and bread so as not to have to spend our fifty cents’ pay on food or gas.
I heard Dad’s voice and he came out the door; his eyes were ringed with the black soot residue that scrubbing couldn’t get off, and he was rolling his Prince Albert. “Ready, boy”? Before I could answer, he inhaled deeply and immediately his thin body was wracked with harsh coughing. He continued to smoke as we started to walk rapidly. “You’re almost a man now son… by the end of this summer, you will be a man.”
God help me, I worked hard that summer. A pick and a shovel, crawling on my hands and knees, too tired at the end of my shift to barely talk; but if hard, dangerous work was the measure of a man, I became one.
By the end of that first week, my knees were bloody and raw from scrabbling on them for hours on end when the roof wall was too low for a man to stand. I coughed short, hard coughs and spit up gobs of phlegm streaked black; even the snot from my nose and the tears from my eyes ran black.
The men had taken to calling me Junior, and after seeing that I aimed to stick it out, they treated me good. Dad worked deeper than I did, with the experienced old-timers, but he heard tell of how I wasn’t no quitter. He was happy with me then.
When I’d first told him how I wanted more schooling, he’d snorted and said, “Are you afraid to work for your living?” I needed to prove I could work at what he thought was a “real” job, but I also aimed to show him I had further ambitions than to work in the mines all my life. On our walks home, I told him of my plans to travel and see the world. He said, “Yep, I had them plans too. Best you settle down and marry some little girl from these hills than take off to God knows where, son.”
I kept talking every day, and I wore him down. He began listening, even asked questions about college. That summer, my dad and I actually talked at length for the first time I could remember. I found out that he’d dreamed of going to Texas when he was young. “Out there is wide-open spaces so a man can breathe,” was what he said. My dad had emphysema and black lung, also a touch of TB, but couldn’t afford medicines or doctors; ...
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Beautiful People of Stretchneck Holler
I remember seeing my grandfather on my mother’s side. I was scared to death of him. I saw him a few more times when I went with my mother back to visit after we moved across the mountain. His image remains vivid even today. I may have gotten my height and coloring from him.
He was tall, big and blond, with white and pink baby-looking skin. He was a violent man. His work: a union organizer. He called men out on strike by shooting a pistol in the air near the mouth of the mine.
He carried his money in a large leather wallet chained to his belt. His job afforded him good money. He drank heavily and everyone up and down Knox Creek, where he lived, knew he had another woman. She was young and beautiful with fair skin, red hair, and pretty clothes. That’s where he spent his time off from work. She got his money—what he did not spend on moonshine. He would walk up the road, staggering back and forth, on payday. Sometimes falling down by the road and lying there until he came to, then back up to stagger towards home and my waiting grandmother. Once he made it home to his tarpaper shack, he hung up his wide-brim hat on the wooden peg by the front door. After making sure his white shirt was open down almost to his waist and adjusting his shoulder holster, he sprawled out on the feather tick bed after he checked the chambers, making sure the Smith & Wesson pistol was fully loaded. When he was roused up by cars and trucks speeding up and down the road and blowing their horns as they passed his house, he’d get out of bed, pull his pistol out of his holster, throw the door open and shoot up in the air yelling, “You scabs, damn you. You sons-of-bitches. Go to Hell.” Then he would slam the door shut and sprawl back down on the feather tick bed until the cars and trucks came again. He guarded the United Mine Workers of America on Knox Creek with his very life. His allegiance belonged to the miners’ union, and anyone who did not swear by John L. Lewis was in danger of my grandfather’s wrath.
His wife, my grandmother on my mom’s side, was my favorite person in the world. I knew her best because my mom talked about her constantly. A battered and abused woman, she fought off my grandfather with a hot poker when he tried to beat her while he was drunk. He cursed my grandmother and left her mostly penniless except for what little bit she could lift from his wallet while he was in a drunken stupor...

Tuesday, April 12, 2011

Civil War Anniversary - 150 years ago today, April 12, 2011

Read about the hardships of Franklin Branscome, Confederate Soldier from Carroll County, Virginia. He and his 3 brothers walked to Dugspur and volunteered on September 16, 1861. Two brothers died because of the Civil War. Read more. Abraham Lincoln's State of Kentucky joined the Union even though it was a slave-holding state. read the story on Franklin Branscome, Recollections of a Confederate Soldier

Thursday, July 22, 2010

Mountain Talk




Mountain Talk






In Appalachia, we know where you're from by the way you talk.

By Betty Dotson-Lewis


In the corner of Appalachia where Tennessee meets Virginia, where this photo was taken, dialect is more southern. Mountaineers like to talk and you can tell what part of Appalachia people come from by the words they use. Karen Stuebing, photographer

Hi, Y’all.

Maps are essential in locating and describing where people live in our country. Some who are proficient in map talk, refer to latitude and longitude when pinpointing a specific state, town or region.

However, people who live in the heart of the Appalachia region spreading across the mountains of West Virginia, southwestern Virginia, western North Carolina, northwestern South Carolina, northern Georgia, Alabama, eastern Tennessee and Kentucky are quickly and easily identified not by lines on a map, but by their dialect.

My home is located high in the mountains of West Virginia — Latitude: 38.28 N, Longitude: 80.84. I speak the mountain dialect of the central coalfields of West Virginia: “Hi, How are Y’all? I live in the holler by a crick close to my kin.”

My parents migrated to central West Virginia from Southwest Virginia. They held on to their Virginia accent which was noticeably different from their children’s speech. They said things like: wite, nite, lite, youins.

West Virginia is the boundary state between the North and South. There is no single West Virginia dialect. Instead it depends on what part of the state you live in.

For example, if you live in the northern part of the state, which borders Ohio and Pennsylvania, the accent is more northern. The primary marker being the long “l” sound. Residents in the interior of the state speak more like people from Kentucky or southern Virginia. Residents of the southern counties have a very pronounced southern twang.

Regardless of where you live in West Virginia, we are all blessed with a bit of that southern twang. The further you go into the mountains – the more twang and colloquialism you will find.

So, come with me on a dialect journey into the Appalachian Mountains.

Linguists refer to the southern mountain dialect as the folk speech of Appalachia. The archaic speech can be narrowed down to sort of a Scottish-flavored Elizabethan English. Dialect variations can be traced to immigration patterns. The southeastern coalfields of West Virginia were settled by miners immigrating from Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Along the Ohio River, which was more industrialized, a large number of the immigrants came from Eastern Europe.

There are communities in the southern part of the state that are almost entirely African-American. Mine owners brought in former slaves during the mine wars of the 1800s to replace the striking miners, and because these communities remained segregated, the dialects of the southern slaves lived on in the speech.

I have compiled a list of words and phrases commonly used in mountain dialect and their standard English translation:

Holped – helped

Heered – heard

Deef – deaf
Afreared – afraid
Blinked milk – sour milk
Weary – worry

Near – nigh
Reckon – suppose

Backset – Backset of the flu

Ill – bad-tempered

Gom – Mess

Fillum – Film

Pert-near – almost

Ahr — hour 

Am-Bew-Lance — ambulance (Call an am-bew-lance.) 

A-mite — a little (You're lookin' a-mite peak-ed today.) 

Arthur-itis — arthritis (Dad’s arthur-itis is really actin' up.)

Bar — bear (Llnes, tagers and bars, oh my.)

Battree — battery (The car’s battree is daid.)

Beholden — owe (I don't want to be beholden to you.)

Briggity — egotistical (The young man is acting briggity agin.)

Book Red — educated (He went to college -- he's book red.) 

Cheer — chair ( Pull up a cheer and set a spell.)

Choirpractor — chiropractor (If you are down in the back, go to the choirpractor.)

Co-cola — Coca Cola, any brown soft drink (I ordered a co-cola at the diner.) 

Crick – stiffness (I’ve got a crick in my neck.)

Decoration Day – Memorial Day (We visited the family cemetery on Decoration Day.)

Ate Up – completely infected (Dave’s ate up with the cancer.)

Elm — "m" The thirteenth letter of the alphabet. (Dial Elm for Murder.)

Far — fire (The mountain is on far.)

Haint — ghost (from haunt) (I’m afraid I will see a haint in that house.)

Hard — hired (He was the hard hand on the farm.)

His people — relatives (His people came from Ireland.)

Het — upset (She got het up over the contract.) 

Hisself – himself (He built the barn hisself.)

Ideal – idea (Try to come up with a good ideal.)

Ink pin – pen (Give him the ink pin.)

Kin – related (He is kin to most of the people in this holler.)

Outsider — A non southern West Virginian (Mountain folk are skeptical of the outsider.)

Parts — neighborhood (It is good to see you back in these parts.)

Pizen — poison (That snake is pizen.)

Plain spoken — honest or genuine (The people trusted Jim because he was plain spoken.)

Poke — bag or a sack (She carried the groceries home in a poke.)

Polecat — skunk (A polecat ran under the old building.)

Put Out — angry or upset (The mayor was put out with the council’s decision.)

Red Light – stop light or traffic signal (My town has one red light.)

Skittish — nervous (The boy was skittish when asked to recite a Bible verse.) 

Spell — a while. (She stayed on the mountain for a spell.)

Spell — being lightheaded or dizzy. (The woman had a spell in the doctor’s office.) 

Thar — there (Thar's a pretty little pony in the field.) 

Wrastlin’ – wrestling (My son is on the wrastlin’ team.)
Actin' Up — hurting (His injured knee was actin’ up.)
Agen — against 

Bile – boil

Brung — brought 

Carry — take or drive

Churched — excommunicated 

Drug — dragged 
Et — eaten 

Holt — hold 

Kindly — nearly 

Learned — taught 

Mosey — go to 

Pack — carry 

Peart — well 

Plumb — completely

Reckon — guess 

Retched — reached 

Rinch — rinse 

Sangin' — digging up ginseng

Worsh — wash

Monday a week — next monday

Shore — sure 

Down in the back — back injury

Cut the light on — turn the light on 

I don’t care — Yes, please. I would like some. (Do you want more coffee? I don’t care.)

Worshington - Washington

One North Carolina scholar uses the term "constellation of features" in describing the distinctive mountain speech.


Here are some of my Kentucky relatives, Jean D. Fuller on the left and Judy D. Coyle on the right. There is a commonality between the dialect spoken in Southwestern Virginia and Eastern Kentucky.
For example, the letter “t” is added at the end of words such as “across” and “twice” making the words “acrosst” and “twice” becomes “twicet”. This pronunciation was common among English speakers centuries ago and Appalachia is the only region that has held on to the pronunciation.

The pronunciation of the letter “i” is much different in certain words such as “light” and “fire” than in other parts of the U.S. “Light” sounds like “laht” and “fire” sounds like “far”.

Hollow becomes Butcher Holler in Loretta Lynn’s song about her East Kentucky homeplace, Coalminer’s Daughter.

Mountain folk are famous for coining their own words to express a thought or observation. The word “sigogglin,” for example, means something that is crooked.

In rural Southern Appalachia an "n" is added to pronouns indicating "one" or ownership. So, "his'n" means "his one", "her'n" means "her one" and "yor'n" "your one," i.e., "his, hers and yours." Another example is the word “yernses” or yours. “That new car is yernses.”
 Use of the word "dove" as past tense for dive, "drug" as past tense for drag and "drunk" as past tense for drink are grammatical features characteristic of older Southern American English and the newer Southern American English.

Outsiders are often confused by the use of the word y’all, meaning the second person plural of you. When speaking about a group, y’all is general. You know the group of people as a whole. All y’all is more specific. This means you know each and every person individually in that group. Y’all can also be used with the standard “s” possessive. “I’ve got y’all’s assignments ready.”

Here are some other expressions contributed by some of my Facebook friends:
Virginia Winebrenner Sykes: This is a good site," idn't" it? I hear so many people, including my mountain girl self, say "isn't" this way. Another one, I don't say, but have heard said is brefkast instead of breakfast.

Anna Dennison Circle: Whoppin – whipping; boosh – bush; dropped her calf – gave birth; peak’ed – pale; gone and done it again; smitten – likes; yonder – over there; and nary – none,

Shirley Tinney: "If'n” is a word I've heard.

Sue Underwood Mergler: How about "over yonder"? My boys pulled me aside one day after a visit to West Virginia and wanted to know were Yonder was, because Granny was always talking about it.

Builder Levy: Back in the early ' 70s when I was visiting and photographing in Mingo County and I would ask Nimrod Workman and other old timers I would meet, how are you doing, the answer would be, “Terrible!"

Pat Williams: Feeling "tolable like" meaning pretty good.

Karen Butler Britt: Stilts or Tom Walkers; toboggan-hat or sled; Jennie or mule; church key or bottle opener; leather britches aren't pants but dried green beans. Hominy is corn kernels soaked and cooked in lye to remove it from its kernel. Huckleberries are wild blueberries. Icebox was a refrigerator with a huge block of ice to keep food cool. Mule trader wasn't someone who traded mules but would trade pretty much anything for a good deal.

Although this unique mountain dialect is changing, losing some of its distinctiveness, it is not going to disappear in the near future -- with 20 million people living in the Appalachian region.

Bye y’all.




Comments19 July 2010 - 9:23am — editor
"Buddy"
Eastern Kentucky coal miners refer to each other (and those they are talking with) as "buddy."

"I'll tell you now, buddy, it's hard work." "Hey, buddy, pass me some salt."

I don't know if the use of "buddy" in this familiar, friendly way extends to West Virginia coal mining places.

20 July 2010 - 7:14am — Tipper
Southern Highlands of Appalachia
Wonderful post!! I live in the Southern Highlands of Appalachia-born and raised as they say-and most all the words shared in this post are familiar to me. I write about all things Appalachian at www.blindpigandtheacorn.com Each month I have an Appalachian Vocabulary Test-you can go here to see them: http://www.blindpigandtheacorn.com/blind_pig_the_acorn/appalachian-dialect/

My favorite part of your post-is where you state our lovely dialect isn't going to dissappear anytime soon-I so agree. The wonder of the Appalachian Dialect is alive and well in my neck of the woods-and I'm trying to ensure it stays that way too!!

Thank you for celebrating our rich language.

Tipper

20 July 2010 - 8:19am — shaina
Fixin

One thing I didn't see on the list that I say and hear people say all the time is, "fixin".

Like, "I'm fixin to leave."

A friend of mines brother from New Hampshire heard me say that and said, "You're fixin? What are you fixin?" So I had to explain to him that it meant, about to.


20 July 2010 - 9:19am — Dr.Townsend
Our phrases
Even though I went off to school and came back, I feel that I did lose some of my accent. I realize that I should be proud of my Appalachian twang and the phrases my parents used (and I still use).

I was in Connecticut a few years ago. I was at a conference and someone asked me how I was going to get back to the airport in a couple days. I told them that I had a ticket to take a shuttle van back to the airport. The new colleague said, "Would you like to ride with me to the airport." I responded, "I wouldn't care to." She looked at me funny and asked, "Does that mean you want a ride or you don't want a ride?" ... www.dailyyonder.com